Is Sodium Chloride (NaCl) Ionic or Covalent?
Is Sodium Chloride (NaCl) ionic or covalent?
NaCl is the classic ionic compound. Sodium (EN 0.93) transfers its valence electron to chlorine (EN 3.16), creating Na+ and Cl- ions held together by electrostatic attraction.
| Formula | NaCl |
| Name | Sodium Chloride |
| Bond Type | Ionic |
| EN Values | Na: 0.93, Cl: 3.16 |
| EN Difference | 2.23 |
| Electron Behavior | Transfer |
| Melting Point | 801 C (high) |
| Conductivity | Conducts when dissolved or molten |
| Solubility | Soluble in water |
| Key Concept | Classic ionic bond with large EN difference |
Overview
Sodium chloride (table salt) is the textbook example of an ionic compound. A metal (Na) bonds with a nonmetal (Cl) through electron transfer.
Electronegativity Analysis
Na has an EN of 0.93 and Cl has an EN of 3.16. The difference of 2.23 is well above the 1.7 threshold for ionic character.
Electron Behavior
Sodium completely transfers its one valence electron to chlorine. This creates Na+ and Cl- ions. The bond is an electrostatic attraction between these ions.
Physical Properties
Ionic compounds like NaCl have high melting points (801 C), conduct electricity when dissolved or molten (free ions carry charge), and are typically soluble in water.
See electronegativity values, partial charges, and bond character on interactive 3D molecules.
Visualize Sodium Chloride's Bonding in 3DRelated Topics
Is Magnesium Oxide Ionic or Covalent?
Magnesium Oxide (MgO) bonding analysis
Is Calcium Fluoride Ionic or Covalent?
Calcium Fluoride (CaF2) bonding analysis
Is Water Ionic or Covalent?
Compare with polar covalent bonding
Is Methane Ionic or Covalent?
Compare with nonpolar covalent bonding
Interactive Periodic Table
Explore electronegativity trends across all 118 elements