Niobium (Nb) - Element 41 | Properties & Electron Configuration
What is Niobium?
Niobium (Nb) is element 41, a transition metal in period 5, group 5. Its electron configuration is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ 4d⁴ 5s¹.
| Atomic Number | 41 |
| Symbol | Nb |
| Atomic Mass | 92.906 u |
| Category | Transition Metal |
| Period | 5 |
| Group | 5 |
| Block | d |
| Electron Configuration | 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ 4d⁴ 5s¹ |
| Short Config | [Kr] 4d⁴ 5s¹ |
| Electronegativity | 1.6 |
| Atomic Radius | 146 pm |
| Ionization Energy | 652 kJ/mol |
| Electron Affinity | 86 kJ/mol |
| Phase (STP) | Solid |
Electron Configuration
The full electron configuration of Niobium is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ 4d⁴ 5s¹. In noble gas shorthand, this is written as [Kr] 4d⁴ 5s¹.
Niobium is a d-block element in group 5, period 5.
Periodic Trends
Electronegativity: Niobium has a Pauling electronegativity of 1.6. Within group 5, electronegativity generally decreases down the group.
Atomic Radius: 146 pm. Across period 5, atomic radius generally decreases left to right as nuclear charge increases.
Ionization Energy: 652 kJ/mol. Ionization energy generally increases across a period and decreases down a group.
View all 118 elements with trend overlays for electronegativity, atomic radius, ionization energy, and electron affinity.
Explore Niobium on the Interactive Periodic TableRelated Topics
Vanadium (V)
Properties of Vanadium - same group as Niobium
Tantalum (Ta)
Properties of Tantalum - same group as Niobium
Dubnium (Db)
Properties of Dubnium - same group as Niobium
Rubidium (Rb)
Properties of Rubidium - same period as Niobium
Strontium (Sr)
Properties of Strontium - same period as Niobium
Yttrium (Y)
Properties of Yttrium - same period as Niobium