Is Hydrogen Fluoride (HF) Polar or Nonpolar?

Is Hydrogen Fluoride (HF) polar or nonpolar?

HF has the most polar single bond (ΔEN = 1.78). As a diatomic molecule, the bond dipole IS the molecular dipole - there is nothing to cancel it.

FormulaHF
PolarityPolar
Molecular GeometryLinear
H–F BondΔEN = 1.78 (polar)
Net DipoleYes

Bond Dipoles

The H–F bond has an electronegativity difference of 1.78 (F = 3.98, H = 2.20). This is the largest ΔEN of any single bond - fluorine pulls electron density very strongly.

Molecular Shape & Dipole Cancellation

HF is a diatomic molecule - it's linear by definition. With only one bond, there is no possibility of cancellation.

Net Dipole Moment

The molecular dipole equals the bond dipole, pointing from H toward F. HF is strongly polar and forms very strong hydrogen bonds.

See bond dipoles, partial charges, and net dipole moments on interactive 3D molecules.

Visualize Hydrogen Fluoride's Polarity in 3D

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