Is Nitrogen Gas (N2) Ionic or Covalent?

Is Nitrogen Gas (N2) ionic or covalent?

N2 has a triple bond between two identical nitrogen atoms. The EN difference is zero, making it a purely covalent, nonpolar molecule.

FormulaN2
NameNitrogen Gas
Bond TypeNonpolar Covalent
EN ValuesN: 3.04, N: 3.04
EN Difference0
Electron BehaviorEqual sharing
Melting Point-210 C (extremely low)
ConductivityDoes not conduct electricity
SolubilityVery slightly soluble in water
Key ConceptNonpolar triple bond between identical atoms

Overview

Nitrogen gas makes up 78% of Earth's atmosphere. Two nitrogen atoms share three pairs of electrons in a very strong triple bond.

Electronegativity Analysis

Both atoms are N with EN 3.04. The difference is 0.0 - a perfectly nonpolar bond.

Electron Behavior

Six electrons are shared equally in the triple bond. The bond is extremely strong (945 kJ/mol), making N2 very unreactive.

Physical Properties

N2 is a colorless, odorless gas. Its extremely low boiling point (-196 C) reflects very weak London dispersion forces between the nonpolar molecules.

See electronegativity values, partial charges, and bond character on interactive 3D molecules.

Visualize Nitrogen Gas's Bonding in 3D

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