Gallium (Ga) - Element 31 | Properties & Electron Configuration
What is Gallium?
Gallium (Ga) is element 31, a post transition metal in period 4, group 13. Its electron configuration is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p¹.
| Atomic Number | 31 |
| Symbol | Ga |
| Atomic Mass | 69.723 u |
| Category | Post Transition Metal |
| Period | 4 |
| Group | 13 |
| Block | p |
| Electron Configuration | 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p¹ |
| Short Config | [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p¹ |
| Electronegativity | 1.81 |
| Atomic Radius | 126 pm |
| Ionization Energy | 579 kJ/mol |
| Electron Affinity | 29 kJ/mol |
| Phase (STP) | Solid |
Electron Configuration
The full electron configuration of Gallium is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p¹. In noble gas shorthand, this is written as [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p¹.
Gallium is a p-block element in group 13, period 4.
Periodic Trends
Electronegativity: Gallium has a Pauling electronegativity of 1.81. Within group 13, electronegativity generally decreases down the group.
Atomic Radius: 126 pm. Across period 4, atomic radius generally decreases left to right as nuclear charge increases.
Ionization Energy: 579 kJ/mol. Ionization energy generally increases across a period and decreases down a group.
View all 118 elements with trend overlays for electronegativity, atomic radius, ionization energy, and electron affinity.
Explore Gallium on the Interactive Periodic TableRelated Topics
Boron (B)
Properties of Boron - same group as Gallium
Aluminum (Al)
Properties of Aluminum - same group as Gallium
Indium (In)
Properties of Indium - same group as Gallium
Potassium (K)
Properties of Potassium - same period as Gallium
Calcium (Ca)
Properties of Calcium - same period as Gallium
Scandium (Sc)
Properties of Scandium - same period as Gallium