Gallium (Ga) - Element 31 | Properties & Electron Configuration

What is Gallium?

Gallium (Ga) is element 31, a post transition metal in period 4, group 13. Its electron configuration is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p¹.

Atomic Number31
SymbolGa
Atomic Mass69.723 u
CategoryPost Transition Metal
Period4
Group13
Blockp
Electron Configuration1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p¹
Short Config[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p¹
Electronegativity1.81
Atomic Radius126 pm
Ionization Energy579 kJ/mol
Electron Affinity29 kJ/mol
Phase (STP)Solid

Electron Configuration

The full electron configuration of Gallium is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p¹. In noble gas shorthand, this is written as [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p¹.

Gallium is a p-block element in group 13, period 4.

Periodic Trends

Electronegativity: Gallium has a Pauling electronegativity of 1.81. Within group 13, electronegativity generally decreases down the group.

Atomic Radius: 126 pm. Across period 4, atomic radius generally decreases left to right as nuclear charge increases.

Ionization Energy: 579 kJ/mol. Ionization energy generally increases across a period and decreases down a group.

View all 118 elements with trend overlays for electronegativity, atomic radius, ionization energy, and electron affinity.

Explore Gallium on the Interactive Periodic Table

Related Topics