Magnesium (Mg) - Element 12 | Properties & Electron Configuration

What is Magnesium?

Magnesium (Mg) is element 12, a alkaline earth metal in period 3, group 2. Its electron configuration is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s².

Atomic Number12
SymbolMg
Atomic Mass24.305 u
CategoryAlkaline Earth Metal
Period3
Group2
Blocks
Electron Configuration1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s²
Short Config[Ne] 3s²
Electronegativity1.31
Atomic Radius150 pm
Ionization Energy738 kJ/mol
Electron AffinityN/A
Phase (STP)Solid

Electron Configuration

The full electron configuration of Magnesium is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s². In noble gas shorthand, this is written as [Ne] 3s².

Magnesium is a s-block element in group 2, period 3.

Periodic Trends

Electronegativity: Magnesium has a Pauling electronegativity of 1.31. Within group 2, electronegativity generally decreases down the group.

Atomic Radius: 150 pm. Across period 3, atomic radius generally decreases left to right as nuclear charge increases.

Ionization Energy: 738 kJ/mol. Ionization energy generally increases across a period and decreases down a group.

View all 118 elements with trend overlays for electronegativity, atomic radius, ionization energy, and electron affinity.

Explore Magnesium on the Interactive Periodic Table

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